© 2003 Robert A. Freitas Jr. All Rights Reserved.

Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume IIA: Biocompatibility, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2003

References 1800-1899

1800. M.J. Rico, R.P. Hall III, “Anti-idiotypic antibodies as vaccine candidates. The immune network,” Arch. Dermatol. 125(February 1989):271-275.

1801. M. Vogel, S. Miescher, S. Kuhn, A.W. Zurcher, M.B. Stadler, C. Ruf, F. Effenberger, F. Kricek, B.M. Stadler, “Mimicry of human IgE epitopes by anti-idiotypic antibodies,” J. Mol. Biol. 298(19 May 2000):729-735.

1802. M. Kameswaran, G.V. Kadival, A.M. Samuel, “Study of anti-idiotypic antibodies to the monoclonal antibody HGT3a and its relation to the 38 kD antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,” Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 283(November 1995):79-89.

1803. B.R. Clark, S.V. Deshpande, S.D. Sharma, B. Nag, “Antigen-specific deletion of cloned T cells using peptide-toxin conjugate complexed with purified class II major histocompatibility complex antigen,” J. Biol. Chem. 269(7 January 1994):94-99.

1804. A.D. Weinberg et al, “Selective depletion of myelin-reactive T cells with the anti-OX-40 antibody ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis,” Nat. Med. 2(February 1996):183-189.

1805. H. Hu, S. Stavrou, B. Cairns Baker, C. Tornatore, J. Scharff, P. Okunieff, D.M. Neville Jr., “Depletion of T lymphocytes with immunotoxin retards the progress of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys,” Cell Immunol. 177(10 April 1997):26-34.

1806. Y. Reiter, A. Di Carlo, L. Fugger, J. Engberg, I. Pastan, “Peptide-specific killing of antigen-presenting cells by a recombinant antibody-toxin fusion protein targeted to major histocompatibility complex/peptide class I complexes with T cell receptor-like specificity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 94(29 April 1997):4631-4636.

1807. N. Armstrong, P. Buckley, T. Oberley, J. Fechner Jr., Y. Dong, X. Hong, A. Kirk, D. Neville Jr., S. Knechtle, “Analysis of primate renal allografts after T-cell depletion with anti-CD3-CRM9,” Transplantation 66(15 July 1998):5-13.

1808. D. Montagna, E. Yvon, V. Calcaterra, P. Comoli, F. Locatelli, R. Maccario, A. Fisher, M. Cavazzana-Calvo, “Depletion of alloreactive T cells by a specific anti-interleukin-2 receptor p55 chain immunotoxin does not impair in vitro antileukemia and antiviral activity,” Blood 93(15 May 1999):3550-3557.

1809. C.A. Huang, K. Yamada, M.C. Murphy, A. Shimizu, R.B. Colvin, D.M. Neville Jr., D.H. Sachs, “In vivo T cell depletion in miniature swine using the swine CD3 immunotoxin, pCD3-CRM9,” Transplantation 68(27 September 1999):855-860.

1810. C. McCoig, G. Van Dyke, C.S. Chou, L.J. Picker, O. Ramilo, E.S. Vitetta, “An anti-CD45RO immunotoxin eliminates T cells latently infected with HIV-1 in vitro,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 96(28 September 1999):11482-11485.

1811. R.D. May, H.T. WHeeler, F.D. Finkelman, J.W. Uhr, E.S. Vitetta, “Intracellular routing rather than cross-linking or rate of internalization determines the potency of immunotoxins directed against different epitopes of sIgD on murine B cells,” Cell Immunol. 135(July 1991):490-500.

1812. R.M. Parkhouse, L. Santos-Argumedo, C. Teixeiral, R.V. Henry, E. Wawrzynczak, “Two surface antigen targets for immunotoxin-mediated elimination of normal and neoplastic murine B cells,” Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 182(1992):331-335.

1813. D.C. Roy, C. Perreault, R. Belanger, M. Gyger, C. Le Houillier, W.A. Blattler, J.M. Lambert, J. Ritz, “Elimination of B-lineage leukemia and lymphoma cells from bone marrow grafts using anti-B4-blocked-ricin immunotoxin,” J. Clin. Immunol. 15(January 1995):51-57.

1814. J.A. Francisco, L.K. Gilliland, M.R. Stebbins, N.A. Norris, J.A. Ledbetter, C.B. Siegall, “Activity of a single-chain immunotoxin that selectively kills lymphoma and other B-lineage cells expressing the CD40 antigen,” Cancer Res. 55(15 July 1995):3099-3104.

1815. G. Bergamaschi, V. Perfetti, L. Tonon, A. Novella, C. Lucotti, M. Danova, M.J. Glennie, G. Merlini, M. Cazzola, “Saporin, a ribosome-inactivating protein used to prepare immunotoxins, induces cell death via apoptosis,” Br. J. Haematol. 93(June 1996):789-794.

1816. B. Hazes, R.J. Read, “Accumulating evidence suggests that several AB-toxins subvert the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway to enter target cells,” Biochemistry 36(16 September 1997):11051-11054.

1817. J.F. Markmann, J.S. Odorico, H. Bassiri, N. Desai, J.L. Kim, C.F. Barker, “Deletion of donor-reactive T lymphocytes in adult mice after intrathymic inoculation with lymphoid cells,” Transplantation 55(April 1993):871-876, 876-877 (discussion).

1818. Y. Chen, J. Inobe, R. Marks, P. Gonnella, V.K. Kuchroo, H.L. Weiner, “Peripheral deletion of antigen-reactive T cells in oral tolerance,” Nature 376(13 July 1995):177-180; 377(21 September 1995):257 (erratum).

1819. B. Nag, T. Kendrick, S. Arimilli, S.C. Yu, S. Sriram, “Soluble MHC II-peptide complexes induce antigen-specific apoptosis in T cells,” Cell Immunol. 170(25 May 1996):25-33.

1820. W.E. Gillanders, T. Arima, F. Tu, T.H. Hansen, M.W. Flye, “Evidence for clonal deletion and clonal anergy after intrathymic antigen injection in a transplantation model,” Transplantation 64(27 October 1997):1159-1166.

1821. H.B. Kim, A.F. Shaaban, R. Milner, C. Fichter, A.W. Flake, “In utero bone marrow transplantation induces donor-specific tolerance by a combination of clonal deletion and clonal anergy,” J. Pediatr. Surg. 34(May 1999):726-729, 729-730 (discussion).

1822. K. Honey, F. Bemelman, S.P. Cobbold, H. Waldmann, “High dose bone marrow transplantation induces deletion of antigen-specific T cells in a Fas-independent manner,” Transplantation 69(27 April 2000):1676-1682.

1823. M.M. Durham, A.W. Bingaman, A.B. Adams, J. Ha, S.Y. Waitze, T.C. Pearson, C.P. Larsen, “Cutting edge: administration of anti-CD40 ligand and donor bone marrow leads to hemopoietic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance without cytoreductive conditioning,” J. Immunol. 165(1 July 2000):1-4.

1824. M. Zoller, “2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) responsiveness of anti-TNP (Sp6) transgenic mice,” Eur. J. Immunol. 21(July 1991):1601-1610.

1825. J. Quintans, J. Kilkus, C.L. McShan, A.R. Gottschalk, G. Dawson, “Ceramide mediates the apoptotic response of WEHI 231 cells to anti-immunoglobulin, corticosteroids and irradiation,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202(29 July 1994):710-714.

1826. B. Pulendran, G. Kannourakis, S. Nouri, K.G. Smith, G.J. Nossal, “Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells,” Nature 375(25 May 1995):331-334.

1827. J.W. Reim, D.E. Symer, D.C. Watson, R.Z. Dintzis, H.M. Dintzis, “Low molecular weight antigen arrays delete high affinity memory B cells without affecting specific T-cell help,” Mol. Immunol. 33(December 1996):1377-1388.

1828. M. Sarzotti, “Immunologic tolerance,” Curr. Opin. Hematol. 4(January 1997):48-52.

1829. J. Alferink, A. Tafuri, D. Vestweber, R. Hallmann, G.J. Hammerling, B. Arnold, “Control of neonatal tolerance to tissue antigens by peripheral T cell trafficking,” Science 282(13 November 1998):1338-1341; J. Alferink, S. Aigner, R. Reibke, G.J. Hammerling, B. Arnold, “Peripheral T-cell tolerance: the contribution of permissive T-cell migration into parenchymal tissues of the enonate,” Immunol. Rev. 169(June 1999):255-261.

1830. B. Min, K.I. Legge, L. Li, J.C. Caprio, C.D. Pack, R. Gregg, D. McGavin, D. Slauson, H. Zaghouani, “Neonatal tolerant immunity for vaccination against autoimmunity,” Int. Rev. Immunol. 19(2000):247-264.

1831. T. Fischer, H. Schobel, M. Barenbrock, “Specific immune tolerance during pregnancy after renal transplantation,” Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 70(27 December 1996):217-219.

1832. Robert P. Lanza, David K.C. Cooper, William L. Chick, “Xenotransplantation,” Scientific American 277(July 1997):54-59.

1833. A.H. Sehon, S. Bitoh, G. Lang, “Dual effects of allergen-mPEG conjugates. Induction of immunological suppression and inactivation of sensitized mast cells,” Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 409(1996):177-184.

1834. S. Santavirta, D. Nordstrom, P. Ylinen, Y.T. Konttinen, T. Silvennoinen, P. Rokkanen, “Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite-coated hip prostheses,” Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 110(1991):288-292.

1835. B.D. Boyan, J. Lincks, C.H. Lohmann, V.L. Sylvia, D.L. Cochran, C.R. Blanchard, D.D. Dean, Z. Schwartz, “Effect of surface roughness and composition on costochondral chondrocytes is dependent on cell maturation state,” J. Orthop. Res. 17(May 1999):446-457.

1836. J. Lincks, B.D. Boyan, C.R. Blanchard, C.H. Lohmann, Y. Liu, D.L. Cochran, D.D. Dean, Z. Schwartz, “Response of MG63 osteoblast-like cells to titanium and titanium alloy is dependent on surface roughness and composition,” Biomaterials 19(December 1998):2219-2232.

1837. John I. Gallin, Ira M. Goldstein, Ralph Snyderman, eds., Inflammation, Raven Press, New York, 1988.

1838. N.P. Ziats, D.A. Pankowsky, B.P. Tierney, O.D. Ratnoff, J.M. Anderson, “Adsorption of Hageman factor (factor XII) and other human plasma proteins to biomedical polymers,” J. Lab. Clin. Med. 116(November 1990):687-696.

1839. K.W. van der Kamp, K.D. Hauch, J. Feijen, T.A. Horbett, “Contact activation during incubation of five different polyurethanes or glass in plasma,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29(October 1995):1303-1306; F. Citarella, D.M. Ravon, B. Pascucci, A. Felici, A. Fantoni, C.E. Hack, “Structure/function analysis of human factor XII using recombinant deletion mutants. Evidence for an additional region involved in the binding to negatively charged surfaces,” Eur. J. Biochem. 238(15 May 1996):240-249.

1840. C.G. Cochrane, J.H. Griffin, “Molecular assembly in the contact phase of the Hageman factor system,” Am. J. Med. 67(October 1979):657-664.

1841. Erle E. Peacock, Jr., Wound Repair, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1984.

1842. R.W. Colman, A.H. Schmaier, “The contact activation system: biochemistry and interactions of these surface-mediated defense reactions,” Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 5(1986):57-85.

1843. C.L. Cameron, B. Fisslthaler, A. Sherman, S. Reddigari, M. Silverberg, “Studies on contact activation: effects of surface and inhibitors,” Med. Prog. Technol. 15(1989):53-62.

1844. J.C. Meijers, B.A. McMullen, B.N. Bouma, “The contact activation proteins: a structure/function overview,” Agents Actions suppl. 38(1992):219-230.

1845. A.H. Schmaier, “Contact activation: a revision,” Thromb. Haemost. 78(July 1997):101-107; “Plasma contact activation: a revised hypothesis,” Biol. Res. 31(1998):251-262.

1846. Stephen G. Farmer, ed., The Kinin System, Handbook of Immunopharmacology Systems, Academic Press, New York, 1997.

1847. M.N. Perkins, “Interactions between kinins and the inflammatory pain process,” in S.D. Brain, Ph.K. Moore, eds., Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation, Progress in Inflammation Research, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 1999.

1848. R.J. Royer, J.L. Delongeas, P. Netter, G. Faure, J.M. Mur, D. Burnel, A. Gaucher, “Inflammatory effect of aluminium phosphate on rat paws,” Pathol. Biol. (Paris) 30(April 1982):211-215.

1849. J.L. Delongeas, P. Netter, P. Boz, G. Faure, R.J. Royer, A. Gaucher, “Experimental synovitis induced by aluminium phosphate in rabbits. Comparison of the changes produced in synovial tissue and in articular cartilage by aluminium phosphate, carrageenin, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, and natural diamond powder,” Biomed. Pharmacother. 38(1984):44-48.

1850. K.W. van der Kamp, W. van Oeveren, “Factor XII fragment and kallikrein generation in plasma during incubation with biomaterials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 28(March 1994):349-352.

1851. J. Kleniewski, V.H. Donaldson, “Endothelial cells produce a substance that inhibits contact activation of coagulation by blocking the activation of Hageman factor,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 90(1 January 1993):198-202; V.H. Donaldson, C.J. Wagner, B.H. Mitchell, R. Mandle, “An HMG-I protein from human endothelial cells apparently is secreted and impairs activation of Hageman factor (factor XII),” Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians 110(March-April 1998):140-149.

1852. G. Elgue, J. Sanchez, N. Egberg, P. Olsson, J. Riesenfeld, “Effect of surface-immobilized heparin on the activation of adsorbed factor XII,” Artif. Organs 17(August 1993):721-726.

1853. G. Fuhrer, M.J. Gallimore, W. Heller, H.E. Hoffmeister, “FXII,” Blut 61(November 1990):258-266.

1854. D. Veloso, L.D. Silver, S. Hahn, R.W. Colman, “A monoclonal anti-human plasma prekallikrein antibody that inhibits activation of prekallikrein by factor XIIa on a surface,” Blood 70(October 1987):1053-1062.

1855. C.F. Scott, R.W. Carrell, C.B. Glaser, F. Kueppers, J.H. Lewis, R.W. Colman, “Alpha-1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh. A potent inhibitor of human plasma factor XIa, kallikrein, and factor XIIf,” J. Clin. Invest. 77(February 1986):631-634.

1856. Alexander Duncan, “Coagulation defects,” in J. Willis Hurst, ed., Medicine for the Practicing Physician, Third Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston MA, 1992, pp. 786-788.

1857. M.F. Lewin, A.P. Kaplan, P.C. Harpel, “Studies of C1 inactivator-plasma kallikrein complexes in purified systems and in plasma,” J. Biol. Chem. 258(25 May 1983):6415-6421; T. Shimada, T. Sugo, H. Kato, K. Yoshida, S. Iwanaga, “Activation of factor XII and prekallikrein with polysaccharide sulfates and sultatides: comparison with kaolin-mediated activation,” J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 97(February 1985):429-439.

1858. C. Sollner, R. Mentele, C. Eckerskorn, H. Fritz, C.P. Sommerhoff, “Isolation and characterization of hirustasin, an antistasin-type serine-proteinase inhibitor from the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis,” Eur. J. Biochem. 219(1 February 1994):937-943.

1859. Torben Halkier, Paul Woolley (Translator), Mechanisms in Blood Coagulation Fibrinolysis and the Complement System, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1991.

1860. Robert W. Colman, Jack Hirsch, Victor J. Marder, Edwin W. Salzman, eds., Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, Third Edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 1994.

1861. Arthur L. Bloom, Charles D. Forbes, Duncan P. Thomas, Edward G.D. Tuddenham, eds., Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Third Edition, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1994.

1862. Katherine A. High, Harold R. Roberts, eds., Molecular Basis of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995.

1863. Joseph Loscalzo, Andrew I. Schafer, eds., Thrombosis and Hemorrhage, Second Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1998.

1864. J.H. McVey, “Tissue factor pathway,” Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 12(September 1999):361-372; Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 7(September 1994):469-484.

1865. C.M. Jackson, “Factor X,” Prog. Hemost. Thromb. 7(1984):55-109.

1866. R.T. MacGillivray, “Molecular biology of factor X,” Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 2(October 1989):897-917.

1867. M. Hertzberg, “Biochemistry of factor X,” Blood Rev. 8(March 1994):56-62.

1868. S.D. Revak, C.G. Cochrane, A.R. Johnson, T.H. Hugh, “Structural changes accompanying enzymatic activation of human Hageman factor,” J. Clin. Invest. 54(September 1974):619-627; B.A. McMullen, K. Fujikawa, “Amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of human alpha-Factor XIIa (activated Hageman factor),” J. Biol. Chem. 260(10 May 1985):5328-5341.

1869. R.W. Colman, “Surface-mediated defense reactions. The plasma contact activation system,” J. Clin. Invest. 73(May 1984):1249-1253.

1870. A.P. Kaplan, M. Silverberg, “The coagulation-kinin pathway of human plasma,” Blood 70(July 1987):1-15.

1871. J.H. Griffin, B.N. Bouma, “The contact phase of blood coagulation,” in Arthur L. Bloom, Duncan P. Thomas, eds., Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Second Edition, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1987, pp. 101-115.

1872. M.E. Nesheim, J.A. Katzmann, P.B. Tracy, K.G. Mann, “Factor V,” Methods Enzymol. 80(1981):249-274 (Pt. C).

1873. R.J. Jenny, K.G. Mann, “Factor V: a prototype pro-cofactor for vitamin K-dependent enzyme complexes in blood clotting,” Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 2(October 1989):919-944.

1874. J. Rosing, G. Tans, “Factor V,” Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29(October 1997):1123-1126; “Coagulation factor V: an old star shines again,” Thromb. Haemost. 78(July 1997):427-433.

1875. J.W. Fenton 2nd, F.A. Ofosu, D.G. Moon, J.M. Maraganore, “Thrombin structure and function: why thrombin is the primary target for antithrmobotics,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 2(February 1991):69-75.

1876. E. Di Cera, Q.D. Dang, Y.M. Ayala, “Molecular mechanisms of thrombin function,” Cell Mol. Life Sci. 53(September 1997):701-730.

1877. N.R. Goldsack, R.C. Chambers, K. Dabbagh, G.J. Laurent, “Thrombin,” Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30(June 1998):641-646.

1878. S. Narayanan, “Multifunctional roles of thrombin,” Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 29(October-December 1999):275-280.

1879. “Thrombin”; http://attila.stevens-tech.edu/chembio/caymes/thrombin.htm

1880. Z.M. Ruggeri, “Structure and function of von Willebrand factor,” Thromb. Haemost. 82(August 1999):576-584.

1881. F. De Clerck, “The role of serotonin in thrombogenesis,” Clin. Physiol. Biochem. 8(1990):40-49 (Suppl 3).

1882. A. McNicol, J.M. Gerrard, “Post-receptor events associated with thrombin-induced platelet activation,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 4(December 1993):975-991.

1883. Huzoor-Akbar, N.G. Ardlie, “Platelet activation in haemostasis: role of thrombin and other clotting factors in platelet-collagen interaction,” Haemostasis 6(1977):59-71.

1884. G.P. Stewart, M.A. Wilkov, “Mechanism of failure of biocompatible-treated surfaces,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 10(May 1976):413-428.

1885. H. Mohri, T. Ishitoya, E.A. Hessel 2d, G. Schmer, D.H. Dillard, K.A. Merendino, “Use of athrombogenic tubing for perfusion rewarming following surface-induced deep hypothermia,” J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 77(February 1979):277-282.

1886. Y. Noishiki, T. Miyata, “A simple method to heparinize biological materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 20(1986):337-346.

1887. A.S. Hoffman, “Modification of material surfaces to affect how they interact with blood,” Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 516(1987):96-101.

1888. S.W. Kim, H. Jacobs, J.Y. Lin, C. Nojori, T. Okano, “Nonthrombogenic bioactive surfaces,” Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 516(1987):116-130; S.C. Lin, H.A. Jacobs, S.W. Kim, “Heparin immobilization increased through chemical amplification,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 25(June 1991):791-795; S.W. Kim, H. Jacobs, “Design of nonthrombogenic polymer surfaces for blood-contacting medical devices,” Blood Purif. 14(1996):357-372.

1889. P.V. Narayanan, “Surface functionalization by RF plasma treatment of polymers for immobilization of bioactive molecules,” J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 6(1994):181-193.

1890. M.S. Beena, T. Chandy, C.P. Sharma, “Heparin immobilized chitosan – polyethyleneglycol interpenetrating network: antithrombogenicity,” Art. Cells Blood Subst. Immobil. Biotech. 23(1995):175-192.

1891. H. Baumann, R. Keller, “Which glycosaminoglycans are suitable for antithrombogenic or athrombogenic coatings of biomaterials? Part II: Covalently immobilized endothelial cell surface heparan sulfate (ESHS) and heparin (HE) on synthetic polymers and results of animal experiments,” Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 23(1997):215-223.

1892. M. Erdtmann, R. Keller, H. Baumann, “Photochemical immobilization of heparin, dermatan sulphate, dextran sulphate and endothelial cell surface heparan sulphate onto cellulose membranes for the preparation of athrombogenic and antithrombogenic polymers,” Biomaterials 15(October 1994):1043-1048.

1893. G.W. Bos, N.M. Scharenborg, A.A. Poot, G.H. Engbers, T. Beugeling, W.G. van Aken, J. Feijen, “Blood compatibility of surfaces with immobilized albumin-heparin conjugate and effect of endothelial cell seeding on platelet adhesion,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 47(5 December 1999):279-291.

1894. H.A. Jacobs, T. Okano, S.W. Kim, “Antithrombogenic surfaces: characterization and bioactivity of surface immobilized PGE1-heparin conjugate,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 23(June 1989):611-630.

1895. J. San Roman et al, “Experimental study of the antithrombogenic behavior of Dacron vascular grafts coated with hydrophilic acrylic copolymers bearing salicylic acid residues,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 32(September 1996):19-27.

1896. R. Patel, H.A. Jacobs, S.W. Kim, “Surface adsorption and fibrinogen interactions with hirudin-thrombin complex,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 32(September 1996):11-18.

1897. B. Lowkis, M. Szymonowicz, “An assessment of athrombogenic properties of electret polyethylene film,” Polim. Med. 28(1998):3-13.

1898. X. Sun, H. Sheardown, P. Tengvall, J.L. Brash, “Peptide modified gold-coated polyurethanes as thrombin scavenging surfaces,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 49(January 2000):66-78.

1899. P. Zoldhelyi, J.H. Chesebro, W.G. Owen, “Hirudin as a molecular probe for thrombin in vitro and during systemic coagulation in the pig,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 90(1 March 1993):1819-1823.

Last updated on 16 April 2004