Nanomedicine, Volume IIA: Biocompatibility

© 2003 Robert A. Freitas Jr. All Rights Reserved.

Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume IIA: Biocompatibility, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2003


 

References 1900-1999

1900. A. Thomson, “Thrombin,” 14 February 2000; http://bssv01.lancs.ac.uk/StuWork/BIOS316/Bios31698/Thrombin/thrombin.htm

1901. W. Jeske, J. Fareed, “In vitro studies on the biochemistry and pharmacology of low molecular weight heparins,” Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 25(1999):27-33 (Suppl); J. Fareed, D. Hoppensteadt, W. Jeske, R. Clarizio, J.M. Walenga, “Low molecular weight heparins: are they different?” Can J. Cardiol. 14(August 1998):28E-34E (Suppl).

1902. S. Beguin, D. Welzel, R. Al Dieri, H.C. Hemker, “Conjectures and refutations on the mode of action of heparins. The limited importance of anti-factor xa activity as a pharmaceutical mechanism and a yardstick for therapy,” Haemostasis 29(1999):170-178.

1903. E.M. Antman, M. Cohen, “Newer antithrombin agents in acute coronary syndromes,” Am. Heart J. 138(December 1999):S563-S569.

1904. J.M. Walenga, J. Fareed, “Current status on new anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs and devices,” Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 3(July 1997):291-302.

1905. A. Vuillemenot, F. Schiele, N. Meneveau, S. Claudel, F. Donat, S. Fontecave, R. Cariou, M.M. Samama, J.P. Bassand, “Efficacy of a synthetic pentasaccharide, a pure factor Xa inhibitor, as an antithrombotic agent – a pilot study in the setting of coronary angioplasty,” Thromb. Haemost. 81(February 1999):214-220.

1906. G. Claeson, “Synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics as substrates and inhibitors of thrombin and other proteases in the blood coagulation system,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 5(June 1994):411-436.

1907. S. Odake, C.M. Kam, J.C. Powers, “Inhibition of thrombin by arginine-containing peptide chloromethyl ketones and bis chloromethyl ketone-albumin conjugates,” J. Enzyme Inhib. 9(1995):17-27.

1908. M. Salzet, V. Chopin, J.L. Baert, I. Matias, J. Malecha, “Theromin, a novel leech thrombin inhibitor,” J. Biol. Chem. 275(6 October 2000):30774-30780.

1909. J.M. Maraganore, P. Bourdon, J. Jablonski, K.L. Ramachandran, J.W. Fenton 2nd, “Design and characterization of hirulogs: a novel class of bivalent peptide inhibitors of thrombin,” Biochemistry 29(31 July 1990):7095-7101.

1910. M. Grutter, J. Priestle, J. Rahuel, H. Grossenbacher, W. Bode, J. Hofsteenge, S. Stone, “Crystal structure of the thrombin-hirudin complex: a novel mode of serine protease inhibition,” EMBO 9(August 1990):2361-2365.

1911. G.F. Pineo, R.D. Hull, “Hirudin and hirudin analogues as new anticoagulant agents,” Curr. Opin. Hematol. 2(September 1995):380-385.

1912. V. Toschi, M. Lettino, R. Gallo, J.J. Badimon, J.H. Chesebro, “Biochemistry and biology of hirudin,” Coron. Artery Dis. 7(June 1996):420-428.

1913. S.M. Bates, J.I. Weitz, “Direct thrombin inhibitors for treatment of arterial thrombosis: potential differences between bivalirudin and hirudin,” Am. J. Cardiol. 82(22 October 1998):12P-18P.

1914. S.M. Seiler, “Thrombin receptor antagonists,” Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 22(1996):223-232.

1915. M.J. Hursting et al, “Novastan (brand of argatroban): a small-molecule, direct thrombin inhibitor,” Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 23(1997):503-516.

1916. J.W. Fenton 2nd, F.A. Ofosu, D.V. Brezniak, H.I. Hassouna, “Thrombin and antithrombotics,” Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 24(1998):87-91; J.W. Fenton 2nd, F. Ni, J.I. Witting, D.V. Brezniak, T.T. Andersen, A.B. Malik, “The rational design of thrombin-directed antithrombotics,” Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 340(1993):1-13.

1917. L.A. Harker, “Therapeutic inhibition of thrombin activities, receptors, and production,” Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 12(December 1998):1211-1230.

1918. J. Hauptmann, J. Sturzebecher, “Synthetic inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa: from bench to bedside,” Thromb. Res. 93(1 March 1999):203-241.

1919. G. Agnelli, F. Sonaglia, “Clinical status of direct thrombin inhibitors,” Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 31(July 1999):97-117.

1920. T. Nishino, A. Fukuda, T. Nagumo, M. Fujihara, E. Kaji, “Inhibition of the generation of thrombin and factor Xa by a fucoidan from the brown seaweed Ecklonia kurome,” Thromb. Res. 96(1 October 1999):37-49.

1921. J.W. Jacobs, E.W. Cupp, M. Sardana, P.A. Friedman, “Isolation and characterization of a coagulation factor Xa inhibitor from black fly salivary glands,” Thromb. Haemost. 64(22 October 1990):235-238.

1922. K.C. Day, D.J. Welsch, “Bacterial expression, purification, and partial characterization of amino acids 94-155 of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) as an inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa,” Thromb. Res. 68(1 December 1992):369-381.

1923. C.T. Dunwiddie, M.P. Neeper, E.M. Nutt, L. Waxman, D.E. Smith, K.J. Hofmann, P.K. Lumma, V.M. Garsky, G.P. Vlasuk, “Site-directed analysis of the functional domains in the factor Xa inhibitor tick anticoagulant peptide: identification of two distinct regions that constitute the enzyme recognition sites,” Biochemistry 31(8 December 1992):12126-12131; 32(30 March 1993):3196 (erratum); L. Waxman, D.E. Smith, K.E. Arcuri, G.P. Vlasuk, “Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a novel inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa,” Science 248(4 May 1990):593-596, 248(22 June 1990):1473 (erratum).

1924. A.C. Cox, “Coagulation factor X inhibitor from hundred-pace snake (deinagkistrodon acutus) venom,” Toxicon 31(November 1993):1445-1457.

1925. H.J. Theunissen, R. Dijkema, J.C. Swinkels, T.L. de Poorter, P.M. Vink, T.G. van Dinther, “Mutational analysis of antistasin, an inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa derived from the Mexican leech Haementeria officinalis,” Thromb. Res. 75(1 July 1994):41-50; E. Nutt, T. Gasic, J. Rodkey, G.J. Gasic, J.W. Jacobs, P.A. Friedman, E. Simpson, “The amino acid sequence of antistasin. A potent inhibitor of factor Xa reveals a repeated internal structure,” J. Biol. Chem. 263(25 July 1988):10162-10167.

1926. J.A. Ostrem et al, “Discovery of a novel, potent, and specific family of factor Xa inhibitors via combinatorial chemistry,” Biochemistry 37(27 January 1998):1053-1059.

1927. K. Kamata, H. Kawamoto, T. Honma, T. Iwama, S.H. Kim, “Structural basis for chemical inhibition of human blood coagulation factor Xa,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 95(9 June 1998):6630-6635.

1928. K.R. Stark, A.A. James, “Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding a novel factor Xa-directed anticoagulant from the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti,” J. Biol. Chem. 273(14 August 1998):20802-20809.

1929. F. Faria, E.M. Kelen, C.A. Sampaio, C. Bon, N. Duval, A.M. Chudzinski-Tavassi, “A new factor Xa inhibitor (lefaxin) from the Haementeria depressa leech,” Thromb. Haemost. 82(November 1999):1469-1473.

1930. B. Kaiser, W. Jeske, J.M. Walenga, J. Fareed, “Inactivation of factor Xa by the synthetic inhibitor DX-9065a causes strong anticoagulant and antiplatelet actions in human blood,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 10(December 1999):495-501.

1931. S. Sperl, A. Bergner, J. Sturzebecher, V. Magdolen, W. Bode, L. Moroder, “Urethanyl-3-amidinophenylalanine derivatives as inhibitors of factor Xa. X-ray crystal structure of a trypsin/inhibitor complex and modeling studies,” Biol. Chem. 381(April 2000):321-329.

1932. D.O. Arnaiz, Z. Zhao, A. Liang, L. Trinh, M. Witlow, S.K. Koovakkat, K.J. Shaw, “Design, synthesis, and in vitro biological activity of indole-based factor Xa inhibitors,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 10(1 May 2000):957-961.

1933. J. Cacciola, J.M. Fevig, P.F. Stouten, R.S. Alexander, R.M. Knabb, R.R. Wexler, “Synthesis and activity studies of conformationally restricted alpha-ketoamide factor Xa inhibitors,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 10(5 June 2000):1253-1256.

1934. V. Chopin, M. Salzet, J.L. Baert, F. Vandenbulcke, P.E. Sautiere, J.P. Kerkaert, J. Malecha, “Therostasin, a novel clotting factor Xa inhibitor from the rhynchobdellid leech, Theromyzon tessulatum,” J. Biol. Chem. 275(20 October 2000):32701-32707.

1935. K. Sato, Y. Taniuchi, T. Kawasaki, F. Hirayama, H. Koshio, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Iizumi, “Comparison of the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effectgs of YM-75466, a novel orally-active factor Xa inhibitor, and warfarin in mice,” Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 78(October 1998):191-197.

1936. Y. Stirling, “Warfarin-induced changes in procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 6(July 1995):361-373.

1937. J.D. Horton, B.M. Bushwick, “Warfarin therapy: evolving strategies in anticoagulation,” Am. Fam. Physician 59(1 February 1999):635-646; 60(1 October 1999):1333 (erratum).

1938. F.A. Ofosu, J. Fareed, L.M. Smith, N. Anvari, D. Hoppensteadt, M.A. Blajchman, “Inhibition of factor X, factor V and prothrombin activation by the bis(lactobionic acid amide) LW10082,” Eur. J. Biochem. 203(15 January 1992):121-125.

1939. V. Arocas, C. Lemaire, M.C. Bouton, A. Bezeaud, C. Bon, M.C. Guillin, M. Jandrot-Perrus,” Inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed factor V activation by bothrojaracin,” Thromb. Haemost. 79(June 1998):1157-1161.

1940. W.B. Foster, M.M. Tucker, J.A. Katzmann, K.G. Mann, “Monoclonal antibodies selective for activated Factor V. Immunochemical probes for structural transitions occurring during the thrombin-catalyzed activation of the procofactor,” J. Biol. Chem. 258(10 May 1983):5608-5613; W.B. Foster, M.M. Tucker, J.A. Katzmann, R.S. Miller, M.E. Nesheim, K.G. Mann, “Monoclonal antibodies to human coagulation factor V and factor Va,” Blood 61(June 1983):1060-1067.

1941. M.E. Nesheim, W.L. Nichols, T.L. Cole, J.G. Houston, R.B. Schenk, K.G. Mann, E.J. Bowie, “Isolation and study of an acquired inhibitor of human coagulation factor V,” J. Clin. Invest. 77(February 1986):405-415.

1942. S.I. Rapaport, A. Zivelin, R.A. Minow, C.S. Hunter, K. Donnelly, “Clinical significance of antibodies to bovine and human thrombin and factor V after surgical use of bovine thrombin,” Am. J. Clin. Pathlo. 97(January 1992):84-91.

1943. R.M. Mesters, M.J. Heeb, J.H. Griffin, “Interactions and inhibition of blood coagulation factor Va involving residues 311-325 of activated protein C,” Protein Sci. 2(September 1993):1482-1489.

1944. H. Banninger, T. Hardegger, A. Tobler, A. Barth, P. Schupbach, W. Reinhart, B. Lammle, M. Furlan, “Fibrin glue in surgery: frequent development of inhibitors of bovine thrombin and human factor V,” Br. J. Haematol. 85(November 1993):528-532.

1945. E. Suehisa, M. Toku, N. Akita, R. Fushimi, T. Takano, H. Tada, Y. Iwatani, N. Amino, “Study on an antibody against F1F2 fragment of human factor V in a patient with Hashimoto’s disease and bullous pemphigoid,” Thromb. Res. 77(1 January 1995):63-68.

1946. T. Koyama, T. Saito, T. Kusano, S. Hirosawa, “Factor V inhibitor associated with Sjogren’s syndrome,” Br. J. Hematol. 89(April 1995):893-896.

1947. V.D. Chouhan, R.A. De La Cadena, C. Nagaswami, J.W. Weisel, M. Kajani, A.K. Rao, “Simultaneous occurrence of human antibodies directed against fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor V following exposure to bovine thrombin: effects on blood coagulation, protein C activation and platelet function,” Thromb. Haemost. 77(February 1997):343-349.

1948. S.J. Israels, M.T. Leaker, “Acquired inhibitors to factors V and X after exposure to topical thrombin: interference with monitoring of low molecular weight heparin and warfarin,” J. Pediatr. 131(September 1997):480-483.

1949. T.L. Ortel, K.D. Moore, M.A. Quinn-Allen, T. Okamura, A.J. Sinclair, J. Lazarchick, R. Govindan, F. Carmagnol, W.H. Kane, “Inhibitory anti-factor V antibodies bind to the factor V C2 domain and are associated with hemorrhagic manifestations,” Blood 91(1 June 1998):4188-4196; T.L. Ortel, “Clinical and laboratory manifestations of anti-factor V antibodies,” J. Lab. Clin. Med. 133(April 1999):326-334.

1950. P. Knobl, K. Lechner, “Acquired factor V inhibitors,” Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 11(June 1998):305-318.

1951. C.P. Reutelingsperger, J.M. Kop, G. Hornstra, H.C. Hemker, “Purification and characterization of a novel protein from bovine aorta that inhibits coagulation. Inhibition of the phospholipid-dependent factor-Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation, through a high-affinity binding of the anticoagulant to the phospholipids,” Eur. J. Biochem. 173(5 April 1988):171-178.

1952. P. Wildgoose, W. Kisiel, “Inhibition of prothrombin activation by factor X and factor IX Gla-peptides,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152(16 May 1988):1207-1212.

1953. W.R. Church, T.L. Messier, M.M. Tucker, K.G. Mann, “An inhibitory monoclonal antibody to factor X that blocks prothrombin activation but not prothrombinase enzyme assembly,” Blood 72(December 1988):1911-1921.

1954. R.D. Leach, S.A. DeWind, C.W. Slattery, E.C. Herrmann, “Choline inhibition of prothrombin activation,” Thromb. Res. 62(15 June 1991):635-648.

1955. S. Tanabe, T. Tamaki, Y. Wada, “Sphingosine inhibits factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation on the surface of cultured calf pulmonary artery endothelium perturbed by hydrogen peroxide,” Thromb. Res. 67(1 July 1992):115-122.

1956. G.H. Goldsmith, S.S. Pierangeli, D.W. Branch, A.E. Gharavi, E.N. Harris, “Inhibition of prothrombin activation by antiphospholipid antibodies and beta 2-glycoprotein 1,” Br. J. Haematol. 87(July 1994):548-554.

1957. S.S. Pierangeli, G.H. Goldsmith, D.W. Branch, E.N. Harris, “Antiphospholipid antibody: functional specificity for inhibition of prothrombin activation by the prothrombinase complex,” Br. J. Haematol. 97(June 1997):768-774.

1958. S.F. Mohammad, M.D. Hardison, H.Y. Chuang, R.G. Mason, “Adhesion of human blood platelets to glass polymer surfaces. II. Demonstration of the presence of a natural platelet adhesion inhibitor in plasma and serum,” Haemostasis 5(1976):96-114; N.C. Sharma, S.F. Mohammad, H.Y. Chuang, R.G. Mason, “Isolation and some of the physicochemical and immunologic properties of a platelet adhesion inhibitor from human serum,” Thromb. Res. 17(1 March 1980):683-695.

1959. R. Munro, C.P. Jones, R.T. Sawyer, “Calin – a platelet adhesion inhibitor from the saliva of the medicinal leech,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 2(February 1991):179-184.

1960. E.M. Lyle, T. Fujita, M.W. Conner, T.M. Connolly, G.P. Vlasuk, J.L. Lynch Jr., “Effect of inhibitors of factor Xa or platelet adhesion, heparin, and aspirin on platelet deposition in an atherosclerotic rabbit model of angioplasty injury,” J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 33(February 1995):53-61.

1961. G.H. van Zanten, T.M. Connolly, M.E. Schiphorst, S. de Graaf, P.J. Slootweg, J.J. Sixma, “Recombinant leech antiplatelet protein specifically blocks platelet deposition on collagen surfaces under flow conditions,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15(September 1995):1424-1431.

1962. N.D. Kon, K.J. Hansen, M.B. Martin, J.W. Meredith, J.H. Meredith, A.R. Cordell, “Inhibition of platelet deposition on polytetrafluoroethylene grafts by antiplatelet agents,” Surgery 96(November 1984):870-873.

1963. R. Konishi, R. Shimizu, L. Firestone, F.R. Walters, W.R. Wagner, W.J. Federspiel, H. Konishi, B.G. Hattler, “Nitric oxide prevents human platelet adhesion to fiber membranes in whole blood,” ASAIO J. 42(1996):850-853.

1964. J.F. Tschopp. E.M. Driscoll, D.X. Mu, S.C. Black, M.D. Pierschbacher, B.R. Lucchesi, “Inhibition of coronary artery reocclusion after thrombolysis with an RGD-containing peptide with no significant effect on bleeding time,” Coron. Artery Dis. 4(September 1993):809-817.

1965. J.F. Tschopp, C. Muzur, K. Gould, R. Connolly, M.D. Pierschbacher, “Inhibition of thrombosis by a selective fibrinogen receptor antagonist without effect on bleeding time,” Thromb. Haemost. 72(July 1994):119-124.

1966. B.H. Chao, J.A. Jakubowski, B. Savage, E.P. Chow, U.M. Marzec, L.A. Harker, J.M. Maraganore, “Agkistrodon piscivorus platelet aggregation inhibitor: a potent inhibitor of platelet activation,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 86(October 1989):8050-8054.

1967. T.M. Connolly, J.W. Jacobs, C. Condra, “An inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet activation from the salivary glands of the Haementeria officinalis leech. I. Identification, isolation, and characterization,” J. Biol. Chem. 267(5 April 1992):6893-6898.

1968. A.I. Schafer, “Antiplatelet therapy,” Am. J. Med. 101(August 1996):199-209.

1969. Etsuko Ito, Ken Suzuki, Masayuki Yamato, Masayuki Yokoyama, Yasuhisa Sakurai, Teruo Okano, “Active platelet movements on hydrophobic/hydrophilic microdomain-structured surfaces,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 42(October 1998):148-155.

1970. R.E. Smith, J.F. Martin, “Endogenous mediators and thrombophilia,” Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 7(September 1994):485-497.

1971. H. Patscheke, “Current concepts for a drug-induced inhibition of formation and action of thromboxane A2,” Blut 60(May 1990):261-268.

1972. J.A. Jakubowski, J.M. Maraganore, “Inhibition of coagulation and thrombin-induced platelet activities by a synthetic dodecapeptide modeled on the carboxy-terminus of hirudin,” Blood 75(15 January 1990):399-406.

1973. B.L. Linder, D.S. Goodman, “Studies on the mechanism of the inhibition of platelet aggregation and release induced by high levels of arachidonate,” Blood 60(August 1982):436-445.

1974. S. Joseph, S. Krishnamurthi, V.V. Kakkar, “Effect of the polyamine-spermine on agonist-induced human platelet activation-specific inhibition of `aggregation-independent’ events induced by thrombin, but not by collagen, thromboxane mimetic, phorbol ester or calcium ionophore,” Thromb. Haemost. 57(7 April 1987):191-195.

1975. M.J. Rohrer, A.S. Kestin, P.A. Ellis, M.R. Barnard, L. Rodino, W.L. Breckwoldt, J.M. Li, A.D. Michelson, “High-dose heparin suppresses platelet alpha granule secretion,” J. Vasc. Surg. 15(June 1992):1000-1008, 1008-1009 (discussion).

1976. A. Nguyen, C.H. Gemmell, E.L. Yeo, M.A. Packham, M.L. Rand, “Ethanol inhibits thrombin-induced secretion of the contents of human platelet dense and alpha-granules and lysosomes,” Thromb. Haemost. 80(October 1998):662-667.

1977. C. Watala, M. Boncler, J. Golanski, W. Koziolkiewicz, B. Walkowiak, C.S. Cierniewski, “Release of calcium and P-selectin from intraplatelet granules is hampered by procaine,” Thromb. Res. 94(1 April 1999):1-11.

1978. J. Polgar, G.L. Reed, “A critical role for N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) in platelet granule secretion,” Blood 94(15 August 1999):1313-1318.

1979. A.S. Gallus, “Aspirin and other platelet-aggregation inhibiting drugs,” Med. J. Aust. 142(7 January 1985):41-47.

1980. G. Leoncini, M. Maresca, C. Colao, E. Buzzi, M. Mazzei, A. Balbi, “Antiplatelet effect of 2-(diethylamino)-7-hydroxychromone,” Pharmacol. Res. 23(February 1991):139-148.

1981. W.H. Frishman, B. Burns, B. Atac, N. Altajar, K. Lerrick, “Novel antiplatelet therapies for treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease: inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin receptor,” Am. Heart. J. 130(October 1995):877-892.

1982. A.I. Schafer, “Antiplatelet therapy with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors and other novel agents,” Tex. Heart Inst. 24(1997):90-96.

1983. A.G. Herman, “Rational for the combination of anti-aggregating drugs,” Thromb. Res. 92(15 September 1998):S17-S21.

1984. Y. Matsumoto, K. Marukawa, H. Okumura, T. Adachi, T. Tani, Y. Kimura, “Comparative study of antiplatelet drugs in vitro: distinct effects of cAMP-elevating drugs and GPIIb/IIIa antagonists on thrombin-induced platelet responses,” Thromb. Res. 95(1 July 1999):19-29.

1985. M. Verstraete, “Synthetic inhibitors of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in clinical development,” Circulation 101(15 February 2000):E76-E80.

1986. K. Schror, “Aspirin and platelets: the antiplatelet action of aspirin and its role in thrombosis treatment and prophylaxis,” Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 23(1997):349-356.

1987. P.A. Gurbel, C.M. O’Connor, C.C. Cummings, V.L. Serebruany, “Clopidogrel: the future choice for preventing platelet activation during coronary stenting?” Pharmacol. Res. 40(August 1999):107-111.

1988. A. Keyser, “Platelet aggregation inhibitors in neurology,” Pharm. World Sci. 15(17 December 1993):243-251.

1989. M.K. Ito, A.R. Smith, M.L. Lee, “Ticlopidine: a new platelet aggregation inhibitor,” Clin. Pharm. 11(July 1992):603-617.

1990. M.C. Chang, H.K. Lin, H.C. Peng, T.F. Huang, “Antithrombotic effect of crotalin, a platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib antagonist from venom of Crotalus atrox,” Blood 91(1 March 1998):1582-1589.

1991. B.B. Weksler, “Prostacyclin,” Prog. Hemost. Thromb. 6(1982):113-138.

1992. S. Elodi, P. Elodi, “Surface-governed molecular regulation of blood coagulation,” Mol. Aspects Med. 6(1983):291-353.

1993. C.T. Esmon, “The regulation of natural anticoagulant pathways,” Science 235(1987):1348-1352; “The roles of protein C and thrombomodulin in the regulation of blood coagulatoin,” J. Biol. Chem. 264(1989):4743-4746.

1994. W.A. Dittman, P.W. Majerus, “Structure and function of thrombomodulin: a natural anticoagulant,” Blood 75(1990):329-336.

1995. G.L. Long, D. Lu, R.L. Xie, M. Kalafatis, “Human protein S cleavage and inactivation by coagulation factor Xa,” J. Biol. Chem. 273(8 May 1998):11521-11526.

1996. Ladislav Chrobak, Petr Dulicek, “Resistance to activated protein C as pathogenic factor of venous thromboembolism,” Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 39(1996):55-62; http://www.lfhk.cuni.cz/periodik/actamed/39_2/anchroba.htm

1997. M.J. Heeb, A. Gruber, J.H. Griffin, “Identification of divalent metal ion-dependent inhibition of activated protein C by alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 2-antiplasmin in blood and comparisons to inhibition of factor Xa, thrombin, and plasmin,” J. Biol. Chem. 266(15 September 1991):17606-17612.

1998. M. Muldbjerg, S. Markussen, S. Magnusson, T. Halkier, “Bovine factor XIIa inhibitor,” Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 4(February 1993):47-54.

1999. M.J. Heeb, R.M. Mesters, G. Tans, J. Rosing, J.H. Griffin, “Binding of protein S to factor Va associated with inhibition of prothrombinase that is independent of activated protein C,” J. Biol. Chem. 268(5 February 1993):2872-2877.

 


Last updated on 16 April 2004